I don't think it makes sense to do a thin client over the Internet. The bandwidth costs will kill you... among other problems. If your screen resolution is 1920x1080, you have to transfer all that data over the Internet. And you can't compress that data as efficiently as video streaming sites.
This technology kind of exists now. Play around with VNC. It's slow and crappy.
2- Virtualization will actually result in higher capital costs I believe. But I am not an IT guy at all.
http://www.brianmadden.com/blogs/brianmadden/archive/2011/10/05/desktop-virtualization-is-not-about-saving-money.aspx2b- Historically, the cost of hardware has been coming down by about 2X every 2 years. Even if virtualization does reduce hardware costs, I don't think it will be a problem for Intel. We usually end up finding new applications for all the new processing power.
nicer-looking GUIs
ultrabooks / more power efficient processors
antivirus / running actual viruses or malware. Some people have really slow computers because of all the crap that is running on it.
games
video editing
Though to be fair, many people don't need more processing power. So we could arguably be at the point where not every consumer needs more processing power.
There are many business applications which need more processing power... I see those markets continuing to drive demand.